Vaping is often marketed as a safer alternative to smoking—but emerging evidence shows that it carries its own set of serious health risks. Among the most alarming is a permanent lung condition called bronchiolitis obliterans, more commonly known as “popcorn lung.”

According to Professor Donal O’Shea, a chemistry expert at RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, this condition causes irreversible damage to the lungs, narrowing the smallest airways and leading to chronic coughing, wheezing, breathlessness, and fatigue.

---

Where Did the Term “Popcorn Lung” Come From?

The nickname “popcorn lung” dates back to the early 2000s, when workers at a microwave popcorn factory developed severe lung problems. The common factor? Exposure to diacetyl, a buttery-flavored chemical used in popcorn production. When inhaled, diacetyl proved to be highly toxic to lung tissue.

Now, a similar concern is emerging in the world of flavored e-cigarettes. Many vape liquids also contain diacetyl, and when this compound is aerosolized during vaping, it becomes a dangerous inhalant.

---

Real Consequences for Young People

The risks are not just theoretical. A 17-year-old was recently diagnosed with popcorn lung after just three years of consistent vaping—highlighting how this condition can affect young, otherwise healthy individuals.

Professor O’Shea emphasizes that prevention is the only true defense, stating:

“There’s no cure for popcorn lung. Once the lungs are damaged, treatment options are limited to managing symptoms—often with bronchodilators, steroids, or, in severe cases, a lung transplant.”

---

More Than Just Diacetyl

Worryingly, diacetyl isn’t the only threat found in e-cigarettes.
Other toxic compounds—including formaldehyde and acetaldehyde, both volatile carbonyls—are also present and can harm the respiratory system when inhaled.

What makes vaping even riskier is the sheer variety of chemicals involved.
O’Shea notes:

“There are over 180 different flavoring agents used in e-cigarette products. When heated, these substances can break down into new chemical compounds—many of which have never been tested for inhalation safety.”

---

The Bottom Line: Vaping Is Not Harmless

While vaping may be perceived as a trendy or less harmful alternative to smoking, the science is clear: it exposes the lungs to a complex cocktail of chemicals, some of which can cause permanent, life-altering damage.

With no cure for popcorn lung and limited treatment options, the best way to protect your lungs is simple—don’t start. Prevention, not treatment, remains the strongest line of defense.