Have you ever noticed that you bruise easily? Those black-and-blue marks that eventually turn yellow may not only look unsightly, but sometimes they’re painful and even a sign of something more serious. While bruises often result from harmless bumps or injuries, in some cases they can indicate an underlying medical issue.

This article explains what bruises are, why they form, possible causes—including vitamin deficiencies—and when you should consult a doctor.

---

What Is a Bruise?

The medical term for a bruise is ecchymosis. It happens when small blood vessels break under the skin, causing blood to pool beneath the surface. Unlike a cut where blood escapes outside the body, bruises trap blood internally.

Common causes include bumping into furniture, minor falls, or even having blood drawn. The bruise appears dark red, purple, blue, or black at first, then changes colors—green, yellow, or brown—as your body reabsorbs the blood during healing.

---

When to Be Concerned

Bruises on arms and legs are usually harmless. However, you should see a doctor if:

• Bruises appear on your abdomen, back, genitals, ears, or hands.

• They occur frequently without clear cause.

• They do not begin to fade within a few days.

• They last longer than two weeks.

---

Vitamin Deficiencies Linked to Bruising

Certain vitamin shortages can make you bruise more easily:

• Vitamin C deficiency: Vitamin C is essential for producing collagen, which strengthens blood vessels. Without enough, vessels become fragile and bruise easily. Smokers are particularly at risk.

• Vitamin K deficiency: Vitamin K is crucial for blood clotting and capillary strength. Low levels may slow clotting and increase bruising.

• Vitamin D and B vitamins: Low levels can also contribute to increased susceptibility to bruising.

---

Other Causes of Bruising

• Dietary supplements: Ginkgo, ginseng, garlic, ginger, omega-3s, saw palmetto, and vitamin E can thin the blood and make bruising more likely.

• Medications: Blood thinners, aspirin, ibuprofen, steroids, certain antibiotics, and antidepressants may all increase bruising risk.

• Aging: Thinner skin and weaker blood vessels make older adults more prone to bruises.

• Sun damage: Years of sun exposure can weaken blood vessels.

• Medical conditions: Diabetes, anemia, hemophilia, leukemia, and lymphoma can all affect clotting or vessel strength.

• Sports injuries: Contact sports often cause contusions—another name for bruises—from direct impacts.

---

Treatment and Prevention

Most bruises heal on their own, but you can speed recovery and reduce discomfort with:

• RICE method: Rest, ice, compression, and elevation.

• Heat: After a few days, apply a warm compress to promote healing.

• Pain relief: Use acetaminophen, but avoid aspirin or ibuprofen if bruising is the concern.

• Fall prevention: Improve home lighting, clear floor clutter, and secure cords or rugs to reduce risk.

• Skin care: Protect fragile skin with ointments or bandages to prevent infection if the skin breaks.

If you suspect your bruises are linked to supplements or medications, get your vitamin levels tested and talk with your doctor.

---

Final Thoughts

Most bruises are harmless reminders of everyday bumps. But persistent, severe, or unexplained bruising should not be ignored. They may be your body’s way of signaling a deficiency or an underlying medical condition. Consulting your doctor can help you find the cause and take steps toward better health.